Understanding Earth and its History

Understanding Earth and its History We live in an interesting time that allows us to explore the solar system with robotic probes. From Mercury to Pluto (and beyond), we have eyes on the sky to tell us about those distant places. Our spacecraft also explore Earth from space and show us the incredible diversity of landforms our planet contains. Earth-observing platforms measure our atmosphere, climate, weather, and study the existence and effects of life on all the planets systems. The more scientists learn about Earth, the more they can understand its past and its future.   The name of our planet comes from an Old English and Germanic term eorà °e. In Roman mythology, the Earth goddess was Tellus, which means the fertile soil, while the Greek goddess was Gaia, terra mater, or Mother Earth. Today, we call it Earth and are working to study all its systems and features.   Earths Formation Earth was born  some 4.6 billion years ago as an interstellar cloud of gas and dust coalesced to form the Sun and rest of the solar system. This is the birth process for all stars in the universe. The Sun formed at the center, and the planets were accreted from the rest of the material. Over time, each planet migrated to its present position orbiting the Sun. The moons, rings, comets, and asteroids were also part of solar system formation and evolution. Early Earth, like most of the other worlds, was a molten sphere at first. It cooled and eventually its oceans formed from water contained in the planetesimals that made the infant planet. Its also possible that comets played a role in seeding Earths water supplies.   The first life on Earth arose some 3.8 billion years  ago, most likely in tidal pools or on the seabeds. It consisted of single-celled organisms. Over time, they evolved to become more complex plants and animals. Today the planet hosts millions of species of different life forms and more are being discovered as scientists probe the deep oceans and polar ices. Earth itself has evolved, too. It began as a molten ball of rock and eventually cooled. Over time, its crust formed plates. The continents and oceans ride those plates, and the motion of the plates is what rearranges the larger surface features on the planet. The known contents of Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North and South America, Central America, and Australia, are not the only ones Earth has had. Earlier continents are hidden underwater, such as Zealandia in the south Pacific.   How Our Perceptions of Earth Changed Early philosophers once put Earth at the center of the universe. Aristarchus of Samos, in the 3rd century B.C.E., figured out how to measure the distances to the Sun and Moon, and determined their sizes. He also concluded that Earth orbited the Sun, an unpopular view until Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus published his work called  On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres  in 1543. In that treatise, he suggested a heliocentric theory that Earth was NOT the center of the solar system but instead orbited the Sun. That scientific fact came to dominate astronomy and has since been proven by any number of missions to space. Once the Earth-centered theory had been put to rest, scientists got down to studying our planet and what makes it tick. Earth is composed primarily of iron, oxygen, silicon, magnesium, nickel, sulfur, and titanium. Just over 71% of its surface is covered with water. The atmosphere is 77% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, with traces of argon, carbon dioxide, and water. People once thought Earth was flat, but that idea was put to rest early in our history, as scientists measured the planet, and later on as high-flying aircraft and spacecraft returned images of a round world. We know today that Earth is a slightly flattened sphere measuring 40,075  kilometers around at the equator. It takes 365.26 days to make one trip around the Sun (commonly called a year) and is 150 million kilometers away from the Sun. It orbits in the Suns Goldilocks zone, a region where liquid water can exist on the surface of a rocky world.   Earth has only one natural satellite, the Moon at a distance of 384,400 km, with a radius of 1,738 kilometers and a mass of 7.32 Ãâ€" 1022  kg. Asteroids 3753 Cruithne and 2002 AA29 have complicated orbital relationships with the Earth; theyre not really moons, so astronomers use the word companion to describe their relationship with our planet.   Earths Future Our planet will not last forever. In about five to six billion years,  the Sun will begin to swell up to become a red giant star. As its atmosphere expands, our aging star will engulf the inner planets, leaving behind scorched cinders. The outer planets may become more temperate, and some of their moons could sport liquid water on their surfaces, for a time. This is a popular meme in science fiction, giving rise to stories of how humans will ultimately migrate away from Earth, settling perhaps around Jupiter or even seeking out new planetary homes in other star systems. No matter what humans do to survive, the Sun will become a white dwarf, slowly shrinking and cooling over 10-15 billion years. Earth will be long gone.   Edited and expanded by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Terbium Facts - Tb Facts

Terbium Facts - Tb Facts Get Tb facts or terbium facts and figures. Learn about the properties of this important element: TerbiumBasic Facts Atomic Number: 65 Symbol: Tb Atomic Weight: 158.92534 Discovery: Carl Mosander 1843 (Sweden) Electron Configuration: [Xe] 4f9 6s2 Element Classification: Rare Earth (Lanthanide) Word Origin: Named after Ytterby, a village in Sweden. Terbium Physical Data Density (g/cc): 8.229 Melting Point (K): 1629 Boiling Point (K): 3296 Appearance: soft, ductile, silvery-gray, rare-earth metal Atomic Radius (pm): 180 Atomic Volume (cc/mol): 19.2 Covalent Radius (pm): 159 Ionic Radius: 84 (4e) 92.3 (3e) Specific Heat (20Â °C J/g mol): 0.183 Evaporation Heat (kJ/mol): 389 Pauling Negativity Number: 1.2 First Ionizing Energy (kJ/mol): 569 Oxidation States: 4, 3 Lattice Structure: Hexagonal Lattice Constant (Ã…): 3.600 Lattice C/A Ratio: 1.581 References: Los Alamos National Laboratory (2001), Crescent Chemical Company (2001), Langes Handbook of Chemistry (1952), CRC Handbook of Chemistry Physics (18th Ed.) Return to the Periodic Table

The Business Environment Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Business Environment Assignment - Essay Example There is tremendous increase in the sales of fast food bars as compared to restaurants revealed by recent surveys. People are still very much interested in fast food. (Mintel Report-March 2004) Barry's Burger Bar (BBB) is a business in a busy university town in England. BBB operates in a very competitive environment. The market structure within which BBB operates dictates the pricing policies, advertising strategy and profitability potential. Barry has been considering changing his prices in order to increase his sales (total revenue). In this assignment we would determine the Business Strategy for BBB as consultants. Although Barry is quite free to make his own policies regarding marketing and pricing but he should have to consider the main factors that are influencing market. For this purpose he need to conduct a brief survey on his own or with the help of his associates to collect the data about his competitors and market forces. By collecting reliable data correct business strategy can be formulated. For this purpose analysis and scenarios Model can be employed (Lynch Richard Corporate Strategy 2003) Brief Analysis: BBB is situated in a busy area and its frequent customers are students and University staff. As it is understandable that purchasing power of students is comparatively low. As they have to finance their studies and their day to day expenses either with the support of parents or by doing low paid part time jobs. These conditions reduce the purchasing power of the students. So if Barry is planning increase the price then he may loose

Part of a Marketing Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Part of a Marketing Plan - Assignment Example Cotton On is one of the few organically Australian ready-to-wear (RTW) fashion label. Fairly young in the industry at less than 30 years old, they now have shops all over Australia, New Zealand, and America. It has uniquely mirrored the same image that Australia has project all over the world, relax, simple and comfortable. Its primary target is the youth, 15-30, who feels wants a simple no-nonsense style that is flexible yet fashionable. Through the years, there have been constant effort from the brand to reinforce their image through TV commercials, print ads, and out-of-home advertisements. However, the fashion industry has witnessed an incredible shift of media consumption from traditional to digital. Many of this digital adaptors belong to the same target market that Cotton On caters to, young from the broad C. Many businesses have taken advantage of this by, early on, exerting the same effort digitally as they do above the line. Unfortunately, Cotton On came in late. They, in fact, established their online store less than three years ago. Outside of the online store, very little effort has been exerted to utilize the digital media to reach the Cotton On target market. This lack of digital presence resulted to one of the biggest digital scandal in the business world when facebook members started spreading complaints and protests against Cotton On Children’s line. The protest claimed that Cotton On’s pieces contained â€Å"disrespectful† messages. One word. That’s all it takes for a person to know someone inside and out, its history, its sensibilities, its personality, and its relationships. That word is the brand name. Coca-Cola. iPod. Nike. Google. Their identities are so strong and so embedded to the minds of the consumers that no single study, perhaps not even a compound of a thousand, can comprehensively explain how each company built it. Cotton On, despite being a young label, has experienced a certain

Eulogy for Grandmother :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Grandmother The phone call came at 6:45 on the evening of the 16th. At 8:58 I sent out an e-mail message to friends about my Grandmother's death. Many of those friends are former and current church members of congregations I have served as pastor. By the next morning I was receiving e-mail messages back. The ones from former and current church members had a common theme. In addition to expressing their sympathy they all said that they felt they had known my grandmother: "We remember your grandmother from the stories you would tell us of her." That is the nature of memories. They can be collective, shared, or private. They may be special moments - remembrances of her as a sister, a wife, a mother, or a friend. But, when we share those memories they become a part of someone else. The memories become the possession of others. When the Bible tells us to be kind to foreigners in our midst because we were once slaves in Egypt it assumes we have made that memory our own. We were once slaves in Egypt. The sacred memory has been passed down to us. Today, I want to share just a few memories of my Grandmother. She was a determined woman. Yes, she was a woman who could be patient, but that was restricted by the limits of her determination. When I was small she decided it was time to clean the attic. She had asked my Grandfather to place the wagon underneath the attic window so she could drop the stuff she wanted to be rid of. Well, my Grandfather was busy with other things. One day she decided she had waited long enough. She went to the attic and opened up the window and began to hurl items from the window. Imagine my surprise to items raining from the sky. Imagine my Grandfather's surprise upon his return. Then there was the time she was after my Grandfather to clean out the chimney. My Grandfather was up working in the fields when a chimney fire broke out. I was still a baby and my mother picked me up and went running next door to Aunt Mid's house. My Grandmother called the fire department (instead of calling for my Grandfather). My grandfather saw the fire trucks coming up the road from town - followed by cars of just about everybody who lived along the way! My Grandfather saw to it that the chimney stayed clean after that. Eulogy for Grandmother :: Eulogies Eulogy Eulogy for Grandmother The phone call came at 6:45 on the evening of the 16th. At 8:58 I sent out an e-mail message to friends about my Grandmother's death. Many of those friends are former and current church members of congregations I have served as pastor. By the next morning I was receiving e-mail messages back. The ones from former and current church members had a common theme. In addition to expressing their sympathy they all said that they felt they had known my grandmother: "We remember your grandmother from the stories you would tell us of her." That is the nature of memories. They can be collective, shared, or private. They may be special moments - remembrances of her as a sister, a wife, a mother, or a friend. But, when we share those memories they become a part of someone else. The memories become the possession of others. When the Bible tells us to be kind to foreigners in our midst because we were once slaves in Egypt it assumes we have made that memory our own. We were once slaves in Egypt. The sacred memory has been passed down to us. Today, I want to share just a few memories of my Grandmother. She was a determined woman. Yes, she was a woman who could be patient, but that was restricted by the limits of her determination. When I was small she decided it was time to clean the attic. She had asked my Grandfather to place the wagon underneath the attic window so she could drop the stuff she wanted to be rid of. Well, my Grandfather was busy with other things. One day she decided she had waited long enough. She went to the attic and opened up the window and began to hurl items from the window. Imagine my surprise to items raining from the sky. Imagine my Grandfather's surprise upon his return. Then there was the time she was after my Grandfather to clean out the chimney. My Grandfather was up working in the fields when a chimney fire broke out. I was still a baby and my mother picked me up and went running next door to Aunt Mid's house. My Grandmother called the fire department (instead of calling for my Grandfather). My grandfather saw the fire trucks coming up the road from town - followed by cars of just about everybody who lived along the way! My Grandfather saw to it that the chimney stayed clean after that.

Monastic Art Essay

Monastic Art is subdivided in two genres the monastic ascetic art form and the aesthetic art form (Sekules 77). The portrayal of saints in the monasteries is a common theme and narrows it down to the whole religious visionaries and deities which produced those visions. The entire monastic sphere was dedicated to placing oneself in a position to receive sacred communication from God; hence it is not surprising that monasteries and convents heavily sought for visual representation of their favorite saints or God. In medieval times, monastic art was commonly etched on ceilings, walls, and frescoes to draw the viewer into a realm of holiness to enrich the artistic and religious experience. As aforementioned monastic life could either be ascetic which falls in line with the austere lives of the monks or it could be highly beautified which displayed all the wealth and glamor of the Medieval Catholic Church. Most monastic art are derived from the Byzantine model were paintings were very embellished, attractive, symbolic, and magnificent in size. At the Abbey of Santa Maria la Real de Las Huelgas, Spain, there are the Berenguela knitted cushion covers and skillfully decorated gloves, overlaid with gold and scarlet (1275). This highly decorated covers are in memoriam of Prince Fernando de la Cerda (Shadis 168). Benedictine Monasteries The Rule of St. Benedict required them to withdraw from the world into a communal life organized around prayer so that their spiritual inclinations were not directed to other areas of conformity† (Sekules 61). Because of this policy art work conforms to the standards of the monastery. Jesus Christ, Catholic saints, monasteries, the virgin Mary, holy mother and child paintings are all regular images of the medieval monastery. Benedictine monasteries boasted a wide array of art such as An Illumination of Stephen Harding (1225) at the Abbey at Citeaux. In this classic, monastic painting there are two models of monasteries, handed by two Benedictine monks, one of which is the Englishman Stephen Harding himself, which are delivered up to the virgin Mary to sanction or reject. Benedictine cloisters featured â€Å"inscriptions in windows, stonework, paintings, and manuscripts† (Luxford 11). This type of veneration is called Cisternian illumination where there is a mystic connection and communication with the divine. Golden auras and golden thrones with elaborate architectured monasteries characterize this work. Another famous Benedictine art form is Benedict of Nursia (1435) displayed at the Abbey at Florence, Italy. This painting done by Frey Angelico exhibits the simple face of St. Benedict with a holy halo encircling his head, in a grave, solemn, pensive mood, similar to what one would expect in a monastic setting. Women in Power-Medieval Feminism: The Empowered Woman Before Mary Wollenstonecraft even crafted the Declaration of Women (1791), the embryonic signs of an emerging feminist movement were already visible. Due to religious, social, and cultural dogmas and restraints, women were confined to the private sphere, unable to take part in the activities and pursuits of men. Nevertheless, a few women have propelled themselves and unwittingly their female counterparts to a whole new dimension in the Middle Ages. The woman is a recurrent depiction in Medieval Art and Architecture, not to mention in an age where in the Marian cult (and even in the Greco-Latin mythology) was venerated as goddess, saint, and intercessor. Personification of places, whether cities or countries especially as regal or armed women, are one of the oldest forms of power symbolism†(Sekules 13). Several countries have depicted women at war as their national icons for example Roma, Germania, Brittanica, Sclavenia, Columbia, Athena, Italia Turrita, Hispania, Polonia, Europa etc. The women are either portrayed as martial, royal, or both. Medieval art demonstrated the empowerment of women, where women sometimes moved out of the home space and actively engaged in business, art, warfare, and politics. Joan of Arc One of the women who stands out is Joan of Arc. Historically, Joan of Arc is lauded as a liberator of France who bravely warred against England to set free her countrymen who labored under the British yoke. â€Å"Quite apart from her saintly character, Joan’s credibility as a military leader may have gained greater currency thanks to the classical tradition that personified the authority of war in female form† (Sekules 165). Art enables social criticism. Martin Le Franc sides with Joan of Arc unique personality both as a feminist and as a woman. Through his medieval portrayal of Joan of Arc both as a heroine, military hero, and spiritual icon, he embraces her as a daring woman. â€Å"Martin Le Franc in Le Champion des Dames, a work directly inspired by the quarrel about Le Roman de la Rose, takes Joan’s part against her detractors. Their arguments focus on her belligerence, her transvestism, and her condemnation by the Church† (Warner 220). In the late-Medieval painting â€Å"Le Champion des Dames† (1450), one observes Joan of Arc holding two white flags and flanked by them in a biblical setting. Although critics say that this portrayal is anachronistic, it voices volumes in asserting the sanctity of a patriot and prophetess who received visions and supernatural messages. â€Å"Christine was an admirer of Joan (of Arc’s) achievements and a defender when she needed it† (Sekules 165). Joan of Arc, a powerful woman, inspired another medieval woman in power, Christine de Pisan, who highly esteemed Joan as a valiant, holy, and still feminine woman. Christine De Pisan Another medieval woman which broke from the social norms and launched out into the space of art, literature, and religion is Christine de Pisan (1365-1434). One could argue that because of her aristocratic status she enjoyed many more liberties than the average woman of the Middle Ages; however open prejudice and misogynist ideologies against the woman existed and was encouraged against both the lower and upper classed woman. Christine de Pisan was literate, cultivated her artistic talent, and was mistress of her household (Christine de Pisan). Although today these characteristics seem ordinary, back in the medieval times, it was a rarity for a woman, even an aristocratic one to be qualified with all these talents. Christine de Pizan was born in Italy but married to a Frenchman. De Pisan was a prolific author as she produced several essays, poems, books, ballads, and epistles. The art piece of â€Å"Christine de Pisan Writing† is not as common as it seems for women were often relegated non-scholastic tasks for the general public deemed them inferior. In the depiction of De Pisan writing, the setting is clearly at an abbey or monastery. De Pizan was also the breadwinner of her family following her husband’s passing; therefore she emerged as one of the few women who made a livelihood from writing. Numerous medieval portraits of Christine de Pisan exist where she is either consulting with people in power such as Joan of Arc (Christine de Pisan Livres des Faits des Armes et de Chevalerie, 1409), diligently writing at an abbey (Christine de Pisan Writing), or educating her others (Christine de Pisan Instructing Her Son and Christine de Pisan Lecturing a Group of Men). Convents or nunneries in the medieval period. It can be argued that nunneries and convents â€Å"offered women an element of freedom† (Medieval Convent or Nunnery). At the convents, the nuns had most commodities at their disposal and were not bound to family responsibilities, for here they concentrated on God and pursued holiness in the secluded religious life. Nuns were also enfranchised to vote in an abbess or mother superior, who in turn would govern the affairs of the female community. Since medieval times, the nunnery also was fitted with hospitals, gardens, chapels, dormitories, libraries, and a school. As a result, nuns had the unique opportunity to be holistically educated and independent. This peculiar branch of female liberation fosters artistic exploration. Art work often has appeared at convents where nuns have drawn or invented masterpieces such as †¦ Second to Nun Paintings Medieval paintings also tended to focus on holy women: whether they be goddesses or cloistered nuns and mothers. One major medieval masterpiece shows Hildegard von Bingen (1098-1179), a nun of St. Benedict of wrote books, plays, sermons, and poetry; practiced medicine, and functioned as advisor to monarchs and popes. Hildegard is indeed a medieval and modern-day feminist who was not afraid to hold and wield power even among men folk. A celebrated illustration of her is represented in Illumination from the Liber Scivias, 1151 where she receives a vision and transcribes it as a deity reveals it to her. This dynamic woman dictates the divine messages in a book called The Scivias. This portrait conveys the reality of the enlightened woman in all spheres. She too can be an instrument not only for familial purposes but in multifaceted way, contributing to society, religion, and culture. References: Christine de Pizan . Retrieved 06 May 2010 Les Enluminures Presents Women in Medieval Art . Retrieved 06 May 2010 Luxford, Julian M. The Art and Architecture of English Benedictine Monasteries 1300-1540 A Patronage History. Boyell Press, United Kingdom, 2008. Medieval Convent or Nunnery . Retrieved 06 May

SWOT Analysis of the Logistics Process of Shun Yue Cement Company Limited - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3147 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Marketing Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Summary of Case Study 1 From the case study which titled à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“SWOT Analysis of the logistics process of Shun Yue Cement Company Limitedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Shun Yue Company Limited is a middle-size firm in China that focusing in the logistic, transportation and also marketing and sale of cement. However, recently the development of technology is growth rapidly in the different region of the logistics industry. As a result, it actually will bring more unlimited challenges and more complex situation to the company. So, Shun Yue Company Limited should concern with this issues and find the way to focus on its management and processes to overcome the challenges of logistics manufacturing business in the future. In China, the real estate industry and infrastructure amenities are developing at a high speed, cement production constantly retains a great growth rate as well. As an overview, in 1996 the cement construction in China improved from 491 million tons up to 1240 million tons in 2006 and the annual growth rate increased from 3.15 % grow to 16.98 %. Logistics is a portion of supply chains, it also describe as a process of intentionally handling the procurement, storage and movement of raw materials, request part and also finished stocks from suppliers. It requires right merchandise in the right location at the right period for the lower cost. Shun Yue Company Limited is one of the successful cement businesses in China. This is because they have their own techniques and strategies to control and plan their inventory effectively and efficiency. To make sure purchasing and ordering process going smoothly, the organization need pay enough attention on provide the raw materials to suppliers and essential services for the customers, make inventory as well as investment expenses at a minimum level and improve the logistics operation as the goal, fulfill the customers need and demand, Just-in-time (JIT) purchasing needs purchasers and suppliers to build relationships long lasting. On the other hand, selecting suppliers is one of the most significant considerations before doing purchasing and ordering activities company should use a typical registering system to regulate the data that suppliers offer and categorize all potential suppliers for stuffs being purchased. Besides that, a company that cans success because of they always keeps a real partnership with suppliers and customers. Both parties need to negotiate or discuss the price as well as quantity and quality of the inventory to satisfy each otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s to gaining win-win situation. Furthermore, information system is also as a logistics system. Information during logistics process can be used, collected, evaluated, removed, stored and handled by an individual or a computer. It can understand the connection and collaboration among all links in system and influence the final objective of logistics activities. For example, the order processi ng system, company records, industry data and management data help Shun Yue Company Limited to maintain and control the inventory system. Modern logistics industry needs to concentrate regarding customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ demand at current and in the future growth. They attempt to fulfill consumers, repute them as a focus and do well in marketing task. Shun Yue Company Limited has a good relationship with other shareholders such as customers, suppliers, investors and the others in a supply chain. They are dependent of each otherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s and have a mutual interest or benefit. It will increase and generate values and better the competitiveness of the whole supply chain. In conclusion, with the systematic controlling and planning of the inventory and better management of purchasing activities can lead to increasing profitability. Shun Yue Company Limited successfully continuous development will be a forever lasting objective for the maintainable improvement of logisti cs industry. SWOT Analysis Strengths Shun Yue Company Ltd always pay attention on provide the raw materials to suppliers and essential services for the customers, it make the inventory as well as investment expenses at a minimum level and improve the logistics operation. To fulfill the customers need and demand, the company able to implement Just-in-time (JIT) operation strategy to satisfy the purchasing needs of purchasers and suppliers. The company able to produce the high standard of cement quality and its was located in the suitable geography area which is in Anhui Province. Shun Yue Company Ltd was able to keep a real partnership with its suppliers and customers. It always got the feedback from the customers. The good relationship help the company can ensure their quantity and quality of the inventory and both of the parties will achieve a win-win situation. Weakness Shun Yue Company Ltd has a very high amount in its inventory to avoid the lack of good main ly through safe stock. This also leads to the high logistic cost of the company. Under the condition of the changes of market demand, sometimes, the quantity of safe stocks will increase to more than a half than inventory of other manufacturers. This directly increase the add amount in consumerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s price. Consumers have to afford the high price of the product. Next, the consumersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ satisfaction and their loyalty have been influenced due to the late information sending. Normally, all the customers dislike accepting any accident on the delayed delivery. Lastly, the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Logistics department also failed in controlling the risks and the employee was lack of experience in system integration. Opportunities Nowadays, online business is become more common way for the consumers when purchasing their products. Since Shun Yue Company Ltd already owned his own website in publishing news, introducing the products, displaying different kinds of colorful activities, informing modern related new technologies of cement logistics and keep in touch with its target customer groups. Shun Yue Company Ltd should continue to manage and improve its online business and it may lead the company become more effective in managing their customer orders. Hence, there is a needs for the company to increase their companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s market share in China. A cooperation with China Construction Group may help the company achieve competitive advantage compare to the others competitors which do not have its own website. Threats There are some high risks and threats in the future development of Shun Yue Company Ltd. Due to the main product of the company is cement, the environmental pollution such as air pollution and water pollution will exists and become more serious day by day. The energy consumption and cross infection has become the big challenge for the company in order to survive last longer. Besides, in construction field, the biggest competitor for Shun Yue Company Ltd is Anhui Conch Cement Co. Ltd. Traditionally the majority market share and international exports was gained by the larger competitors. Summary of Case Study 2 From the case study which titled à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Operations Management Toyota Motor Corporationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ , Toyota Motor Company was established by Kiichiro Toyoda, a Japanese in 1937. Toyota Motor Company is one of the leading and well known automobile manufacturers in the world. There are a lot of Toyota plants around the world and Toyota Motor Company have a presence in more than 170 countries. Besides that, Toyota Company have over 300,000 of employees worldwide and they have profit earnings of about 16 billion US dollar per annual. Toyota Motor Corporation had using a various kinds of the most advanced operations management techniques in the production and distribution of its products in order to pursuit for the success of the business. For example, Toyota c ompany had first implemented the just in time inventory control system in the early 1930s. At the same times, when the Just in Time system of the operation was launched in full scale. The Toyota company started their operations at its Honsha plant in 1938.However, The Toyota company has recently facing with the problem of faulty cars, which they has to calls back the several million of Toyota cars around the world. The company has been engaged in law suits from the U.S. Government focusing on the weaknesses in the manufacturing the cars which was blamed for a number of accidents and deaths within the U.S. As according to the case and accidents of the Toyota Company, they are facing with the serious financial problem and also lost their publicity image in the automobile industry. And thus, they was losing their position as the leading automobile manufacturer in the world. The Toyota Motor Sales company limited was established separately from the Toyota Motor Company in year 195 0s as following the financial crisis facing by the Toyota. However they are merged to become Toyota Motor Corporation in year 1982. Today, the Toyota company headquarters is located in Japan. And they are running their operation across the global market. The success of the Toyota Company is bringing by the efficient of the company operation strategies and it may involved the lean manufacturing techniques and Just-in-time inventory management system. Lean manufacturing and Just-in-time inventory management system assists the Toyota company to creating the cars with the elimination of the expenditure of resources which does not add value for their customer. The production cost of the car is reduced along with the reducing of the waste of the resources. Besides that, the Toyota company is needed to manufacturing the cars only when the time there are order or demand from their end customers so that the Toyota company has low or even zero inventory in their warehouses. Therefore, the Toyota Company can reduce the cost of holding input and output. This two management ways is aim at manufacturing and delivering the kinds of quality for the end customers in a quick and efficient condition. In conclusion, the Toyota Company had done well in their inventory planning and controlling system, such as the lean manufacturing and Just-in-time inventory management system. And all of this have brought the Toyota Company from the difficult time of the financial crisis that they facing to become success today and are one of the well-known automobile Company in the world. Besides, it also recommends that Toyota Company should improve their cars quality check process in order to long lasting their success in the market. SWOT Analysis Strengths Toyota company was able to reduce the cost of production by avoid the waste in their resources. Indirectly, through the cost reduction, the company was able to generate high revenue. Toyota company was implemented their own mar keting strategies and techniques to identify and fulfill their consumers needs and satisfaction. Toyota Company used the lean manufacturing and Just-in-time inventory management system which help the company to create the cars with the elimination of the expenditure of resources and it does not increase any add value for their customer. This efficient manufacturing approach assists the company to maximize its profit and help to ensure the growth of the product. Furthermore, Toyota Company has achieved a very low or even zero inventories in their warehouses, that is one of the reason why Toyota Company can reduce the cost of holding input and output. Weakness In the automobile industry, Toyota was lost their publicity image due to the problem of faulty cars, which the company has to calls back around 8 million of Toyota cars around the world to correct the driverà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s floor mat. Toyota failed to assure their cars quality check process and the safety of the car. Du e to this failure, Toyota also met a serious financial crisis when the government started to relate the number of the accident and death towards the quality of Toyota cars. Indirectly, Toyota was losing its position as the leading automobile manufacturer in the world. Opportunities According to the corporate responsibility, Toyota Company is tending to become more environmental friendly. This provides an opportunity for the company to keep clean engine emission. In order to keep the environment clean and reduce the pollution, the environmental group work that conduct by the company may help to improve and create the image for the public. Besides, the innovation capabilities on automobiles of the company in the existing situation also will become an opportunity to gain the competitive advantage from the competitors. Toyota was suggested to invest in solar energy which may help the company to get a chance to regionalize and specific their worldwide operations. Threats In t he automobile market, Toyota faces a very tight competitive rivalry with others car manufacturer. Due to the entry of new entrants from others country such as Korea and China, the overall position of Toyota in worldwide industry will drop due to the high competitiveness. Besides, the increase in price of the raw materials also will impact the financial of the company. As all the competitors was facing the same threats, Toyota have to come out more strategies in order to enhance its profitability and reduce the high risk when price increase. Case Study Summary 3 From the case study with the title à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“IBM Inventory Management Program and Control Techniquesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  we know that IBM is a multinational and consulting corporation which held by an American. The IBM head quarter is located in New York, United States and it was founded in year 1911. They are including in a wide range of activities such as manufactures and markets computer software and hardware, prov ide consulting services and offers infrastructures. Currently, IBM has research and developing a new method or approach call à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Impactà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which is helpful to assist distribution company in controlling their inventory about how much and when the time to make purchases. IBM company always required that their company purchase or keep as low as possible of the inventory on their hand. In management function, a companys internal operation stability is based on their inventory. It is better and possible to keep low inventory in the warehouse or on hand by purchasing with a small and sufficient amount frequently or by using JIT system, purchasing the inventory according to the demand from the customers. At the same time, the purchasing or keeping of lower inventory on hand may increase the risk of failing to fulfill the customer demand and orders. Furthermore, the access of a large number of small amount orders to the vendors will cause the disruption of the bus iness operation. On the other hand, if the amount of the inventory is larger it may be making the business operation to be much more smoothly, the one condition is the capital investment should allow. The IBM total inventory management system is made up of three important subsystems and all of this may include ordering, forecasting and reviewing systems. The ordering system related to how much amount to order and balance the cost to find the minimum cost strategy for each item. Meanwhile, the forecasting system is to know when to order, have an idea bear in mind about when the item is going used up. As following to the forecasting system, we need to forecasting and planning the quantity or usage rate of an item. This forecasting system helps to set order points and maintaining sufficient inventory in the account. Finally, the reviewing system is to look for the quantity send from the ordering system and then is sending to the customers who make the order for approval. These three important subsystems are running continuously in order to making the inventory management system of the IBM Company to become efficiently and effectively. On the other hand, the IBM also have a well-planning on their warehouse storage. They needed to make decision on whether to establish or rent an additional area or space to deal with the increasing inventory or rent out and use the space for warehouses that are more saved on the costs when the inventory is reducing. In addition, there are certain inventory or items that is critical to the IBM company that need special care or handling in order to avoid damages, pilferages or either to follow the law set by government. In conclusion, a well inventory management system that including planning and controlling of the company inventory is important for the business operation success. A well inventory management helps the organization to reduce the cost of holding extra or large amount of inventory on hand or cost of warehouse st orages. Besides that, it also helps to increasing the efficiency of the business to produce the product with high qualities and timely to meet the customer order and demand. IBM corporation had carefully planning and controlling their inventory for the used, and thus this is main reason the IBM corporation are now the well-known and best global brand around the world. SWOT Analysis Strengths A new method called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Impactà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  which is helpful to assist distribution company in controlling their inventory about how much and when the time to make purchases. IBM also have a well-planning on their warehouse storage. They needed to make decision on whether to establish or rent an additional area or space to deal with the increasing inventory or rent out and use the space for warehouses that are more saved on the costs when the inventory is reducing. BM is the leading systems integrator. IBM is able to forecast long-term warehouse capacities. Weakness IBM only produces the expensive service and software solutions for the enterprise. Enterprise will involve in buying hardware, software and services from IBM If they want to build a reliable IT infrastructure in their companies. At the same time, it became the high cost expenses for all enterprises. This is the reason that infrastructure investment is always postponed in times of uncertainty or slowing economy growth.IBM only paid attention on providing the customized solutions for large and medium enterprises. It only capture a small share in the market although is a very profitable business model. Opportunities To increase the opportunities in balancing the fluctuations in different economies, IBM should improve in the globalization. The important key factors that will help IBM outstanding in the market and maintain its competitive advantages are the innovation. In the market that always having changes, a corporation with some IT related companies will help IBM to create and design the new products and they can use the patents to generate more profit. There is various types of services and enterprise solution provided by IBM, in order to ensure the higher profit margins and develop a better growth, IBM should try to focus on several part which may bring more benefits to the company. Threats The threats from the hackers which may explode the confidential information outside the company may cause IBM facing a financial crisis. IBM should strengthen the protective software to avoid the threats. The high competitive rivalry in cloud computing market also will affect the growth of IBM. This is because there is a lot of growth potential inside the market. Due to the high profit, many new entrants will be attract to enter to cloud computing market and threaten to take the market share from the IBM. Case Study https://www.theseus.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/34241/Chen_Jia%20ni.pdf?sequence=1 https://www.ukessays.com/essays/marketing/operations-man agement-toyota-motor-corporation-marketing-essay.php https://bitsavers.informatik.uni-stuttgart.de/pdf/ibm/generalInfo/E20-8105_IMPACT_Inventory_Management_Program_and_Control_Techniques_1962.pdf Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "SWOT Analysis of the Logistics Process of Shun Yue Cement Company Limited" essay for you Create order